Integrating processes in the world

UNICEF Own Conclusions ·           Integration processes within public sector differ from regular UNICEF supply activities.  ·           Necessary expertise for support may not always be available within UNICEF.  ·           UNICEF plays key role in nutrition products SCM. ·           UNICEF has comparative advantage to take on a prominent role to support integration. 

FIFA TAKES SHAPE The first FIFA Congress followed immediately and on 22 May 1904, Robert Guerin was elected as President. Victor E Schneider (Switzerland) and Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschman (Netherlands) were made Vice-Presidents. Louis Muhlinghaus (Belgium) was appointed Secretary and Treasurer, with the assistance of Ludvig Sylow (Denmark). These pioneers were faced with an immense task because FIFA only existed on paper, as it were. Now came the real work: to give this new body shape and attract new members. In the first place, the English had to be convinced that their membership of this newly created organisation was indispensable. On 14 April 1905, the Executive Committee of the FA recognised the national associations affiliated to FIFA and joined. This was FlFA's first big success and the credit was due Baron Edouard de Laveleye. With great personal effort, the president of the Union Belge des Sociétés de Sports Athlétiques dissipated the last misgivings of the English....

                                                                        OEA - OAS The Organization of American States (OAS) brings together the nations of the Western hemisphere to promote democracy, strengthen human rights, foster peace, security and cooperation and advance common interests.  The origins of the Organization date back to 1890 when nations of the region formed the Pan American Union to forge closer hemispheric relations. This union later evolved into the OAS and in 1948, 21 nations signed its governing charter. Since then, the OAS has expanded to include the nations of the English-speaking Caribbean and Canada, and today all of the independent nations of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean make up its 35 member states. More information of this important organiza...

            How the European Union works The European Union has its own legislature and executive, as  well as an independent judiciary and a central bank. These are supported and complemented by a set of institutions and bodies, the powers conferred on which derive from the founding Treaties. The Union’s powers have evolved considerably over the years through the successive Treaties, as have its decision-making procedures, which Parliament and the Council now follow when legislating on most EU policies. The Union also has its own budget with which to achieve its objectives. The Lisbon Treaty gave Parliament an equal say with the Council to decide on the entire EU budget and the multiannual financial framework.

UNICEF Overall conclusions • Nutrition products seen as ‘external’ products – UNICEF-managed nutrition supply chain should gradually integrate in regular supply chain   • Integration processes lead to health systems strengthening • All SCM elements have to be considered   • No ‘one size fits all’ approach for integration of nutrition products SCM • Integration done incrementally, element-per-element, preconditions are: – Existence of a (potentially) strong enough regular supply chain – Existence of national SCM strategy   • Integration should not be pursued at any cost

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                                         UNICEF  Parallel systems and their integration • Serious investments took place to improve regular supply chains – Time-consuming processes – Substantial funding and long-term commitment required – Lack of long term strategic development plan for regular supply chain • Most major funders support integration initiatives and are willing to invest in health systems strengthening • New strategies are changing regular supply chain and offer opportunities for integration – Rendering Central Medical Stores more independent from governments – Outsourcing of (elements of the) supply chain to private sector • Expected that Central Medical Stores continue to play key role in SCM of medicines and health products in the public sector